The 30th United Nations climate conference, known as COP30, has concluded in Belém, Brazil. The summit ended on 22 November, a day later than scheduled. It left many nations divided over the future of global climate action.
A key proposal for a roadmap to transition away from fossil fuels did not make it into the final agreement. This outcome was a disappointment for over 80 countries that supported the measure. The conference aimed to focus on implementing previous climate commitments. However, deep disagreements on finance and mitigation stalled progress.
The Brazilian presidency had hoped to secure clear steps for this transition. Despite the setback, the final text, known as the Mutirão decision, did establish some new processes. It launched the Belém Mission to 1.5°C. This mission will report on the implementation of national climate plans at COP31. A Global Implementation Accelerator was also created. This voluntary initiative aims to drive progress on reducing emissions.
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Progress on adaptation and finance
While falling short on fossil fuels, COP30 did achieve some positive outcomes. Significant attention was given to climate adaptation. The Mutirão decision keeps adaptation finance on the negotiating table. This signals political will to support countries most affected by climate change. T
he African Development Bank Group attended to advocate for increased green finance for the continent. It highlighted the need for funding in adaptation, mitigation, and energy transition.
The conference also completed the third review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (WIM). This mechanism is a key part of the UN’s climate framework. It helps address the impacts of climate change in vulnerable nations.
The event was not without controversy. The choice of Belém, located on the edge of the Amazon, presented logistical challenges. Some delegations struggled with high accommodation costs. The clearing of a section of rainforest for a summit road also drew criticism.
Image via Brookings Institute.
